Global System for Mobile Communications

Global System for Mobile Communications .GSM is a set of recommendations and specifications for a digital cellular telephone network (known as a Public Land Mobile Network, or PLMN).These recommendations ensure the compatibility of equipment from different GSM manufacturers, and inter connectivity between different administrations, including operation across international boundaries.Monitoring the standardization and globalization of the pan-European digital cellular radio system, it was termed as the Global System for Mobile Communications or GSM in the short form. In 2006(June) the Mobile Phone industry celebrated the historic moment of connecting the second billionth GSM cellular phone user on the world. According to the GSMA, 17 new users were signing up per second, when concerning both second generation GSM, as well as to so-called 3^rd generation 3GSM services. Exactly talking, this corresponds to a ‘subscription rate of about 18Hz’ – it 18 users/sec. In order the satisfy the demand of both new and existing customers, new cellular phone are rolling off the global productions line at a rate of 30Hz’ and they constitute one of the fast-selling consumer products.Logically, this magnificent expansion is an upshot of its attractiveness in speedily increasing markets, such as Latin America, Africa, Bangladesh, Chaina and India. Conventionally, GSM was first launched in Finland in 1991 and at the time of lettering about 700 cellular phone networks provide GSM services in more than 200 countries. Chaina, India, Russia and the USA are the countries having the maximum number of subscribers. The CEO of the GSMA, Rob Conway says “What this means is that mobile phones are ‘bridging the digital divide’ at an astonishing rate with relevant, affordable solutions that help families stay in touch, business to grow and economies to develop.” This demand has stimulated the design of reliable, robust and yet low-cost GSM handsets.

Specified the favorable financial and public collision of GSM, it is of sensible plus point to offer an elementary preface to the system’s main facial appearance for the interactions practitioner.  

The GSM arrangement were released as 13 sets of Recommendations [GSM, 1988], which are summarized in the cart 1 converting a variety of aspects of the scheme [Stefano, Hanzo, 1999]. The Global System for Mobile communication stipulation has evolved and is at present managed by the 3^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). New series numbers (41 to 52) were allocated at release 4. Each release represents a compilation of enhancements to the customary. For example, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), the GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) were introduced at release 99 and EDGE Evolution at Release 7. This commentary considers the initially homogeneous GSM architecture, which significantly evolved over the years, ensuing in an embarrassment of more complicated architectural features that are afar the possibility of this elementary indication.

[R.00]: Preamble to the GSM Recommendations.

[R.01]: General structure of the Recommendations, description of a GSM network, associated recommendations, vocabulary, etc.

[R.02] : Service Aspects: bearer-, tele - and supplementary services, use of services, types and features of mobile stations (MS), licensing and subscription, as well as transferred and international accounting, etc.

[R.03]: Network Aspects, including network functions and architecture, call routing to the MS, technical performance, availability and reliability objectives, handover and location registration procedures as well as discontinuous reception and cytological algorithm etc.

[R.04]: Mobile/Base station (BS) interface and protocols, including specifications for layer 1 and 3 aspects of the open systems interconnection (OSI) seven-layer structure.

[R.05] : Physical layer on the radio path, incorporating issues of multiplexing and multiple access, channel coding and modulation, transmission and reception, power control, frequency allocation and synchronization aspects, etc.

[R.06]: Speech coding specifications, such as functional, computational and verification procedures for the speech codec and its associated voice activity detector (VAD) and other optional features.

[R.07]: Terminal adaptors for MSs, including circuit and packet mode as well as voice-band data services.

[R.08]: Base station (BS) and mobile switching centre (MSC) interface, and transponder functions.

[R.09]: Network interworking with the public switched telephone network (PSTN), integrated services digital network (ISDN) and packet data networks.

[R.10]: Service interworking, short message service.

[R.11]: Equipment specification and type approval specification as regards to MSs, BSs, MSCs, home (HLR) and visited location register (VLR) as well as system simulator.

[R.12]: Operation and maintenance, including subscriber, routing tariff and traffic administration as well as BS, MSC, HLR and VLR maintenance issues.